Gather Debtor Information
The most critical step is obtaining the exact legal name of the debtor. For individuals, this usually means the name on their unexpired driver's license. For businesses, it must match the public organic record (Articles of Incorporation) in their state of formation.
Choose the Filing Office
Under Revised Article 9, you generally search in the state where the debtor is "located." For a registered organization (like a Delaware Corp), this is the state of incorporation, regardless of where they actually do business.
Certified vs. Non-Certified
A "Standard" or "Certified" search is performed by the Secretary of State using their specific Standard Search Logic (SSL). This is the only search that provides legal protection in court. "Informational" searches may be broader but are not legally binding.
How to Read a Search Report
Review the "Lapse Date" and the "Collateral" description. A search report will list the Secured Party (Lender), the Debtor, and any amendments (UCC-3s) that have been filed against the original financing statement.
Pro Tip: The "Exact Name" Rule
UCC search logic is unforgiving. If a company is "Blue Widget, Inc." and you search for "Blue Widget Inc" (missing the comma), the search may return zero results even if a lien exists. Always perform multiple variations if you are unsure of the exact legal punctuation.